diff --git a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/WhisperServerConfiguration.java b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/WhisperServerConfiguration.java
index 2f493f50b..0e881cdee 100644
--- a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/WhisperServerConfiguration.java
+++ b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/WhisperServerConfiguration.java
@@ -101,7 +101,12 @@ public class WhisperServerConfiguration extends Configuration {
   @Valid
   @NotNull
   @JsonProperty
-  private DatabaseConfiguration database = new DatabaseConfiguration();
+  private DatabaseConfiguration keysDatabase;
+
+  @Valid
+  @NotNull
+  @JsonProperty
+  private DatabaseConfiguration accountsDatabase;
 
   @JsonProperty
   private DatabaseConfiguration read_database;
@@ -209,12 +214,12 @@ public class WhisperServerConfiguration extends Configuration {
     return abuseDatabase;
   }
 
-  public DatabaseConfiguration getAccountsDatabaseConfiguration() {
-    return database;
+  public DatabaseConfiguration getKeysDatabase() {
+    return keysDatabase;
   }
 
-  public DatabaseConfiguration getAccountsReadDatabaseConfiguration() {
-    return read_database;
+  public DatabaseConfiguration getAccountsDatabaseConfiguration() {
+    return accountsDatabase;
   }
 
   public RateLimitsConfiguration getLimitsConfiguration() {
diff --git a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/WhisperServerService.java b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/WhisperServerService.java
index 279950c71..ba170e0ea 100644
--- a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/WhisperServerService.java
+++ b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/WhisperServerService.java
@@ -114,6 +114,13 @@ public class WhisperServerService extends Application<WhisperServerConfiguration
     bootstrap.addCommand(new VacuumCommand());
     bootstrap.addCommand(new DeleteUserCommand());
     bootstrap.addCommand(new CertificateCommand());
+    bootstrap.addBundle(new NameableMigrationsBundle<WhisperServerConfiguration>("keysdb", "keysdb.xml") {
+      @Override
+      public DataSourceFactory getDataSourceFactory(WhisperServerConfiguration configuration) {
+        return configuration.getKeysDatabase();
+      }
+    });
+
     bootstrap.addBundle(new NameableMigrationsBundle<WhisperServerConfiguration>("accountdb", "accountsdb.xml") {
       @Override
       public DataSourceFactory getDataSourceFactory(WhisperServerConfiguration configuration) {
@@ -121,6 +128,7 @@ public class WhisperServerService extends Application<WhisperServerConfiguration
       }
     });
 
+
     bootstrap.addBundle(new NameableMigrationsBundle<WhisperServerConfiguration>("messagedb", "messagedb.xml") {
       @Override
       public DataSourceFactory getDataSourceFactory(WhisperServerConfiguration configuration) {
@@ -152,9 +160,11 @@ public class WhisperServerService extends Application<WhisperServerConfiguration
 
     JdbiFactory jdbiFactory = new JdbiFactory(DefaultNameStrategy.CHECK_EMPTY);
     Jdbi        accountJdbi = jdbiFactory.build(environment, config.getAccountsDatabaseConfiguration(), "accountdb");
-    Jdbi        messageJdbi = jdbiFactory.build(environment, config.getMessageStoreConfiguration(), "messagedb"    );
-    Jdbi        abuseJdbi   = jdbiFactory.build(environment, config.getAbuseDatabaseConfiguration   (), "abusedb"  );
+    Jdbi        keysJdbi    = jdbiFactory.build(environment, config.getKeysDatabase(), "keysdb");
+    Jdbi        messageJdbi = jdbiFactory.build(environment, config.getMessageStoreConfiguration(), "messagedb" );
+    Jdbi        abuseJdbi   = jdbiFactory.build(environment, config.getAbuseDatabaseConfiguration(), "abusedb"  );
 
+    FaultTolerantDatabase keysDatabase    = new FaultTolerantDatabase("keys_database", keysJdbi, config.getKeysDatabase().getCircuitBreakerConfiguration());
     FaultTolerantDatabase accountDatabase = new FaultTolerantDatabase("accounts_database", accountJdbi, config.getAccountsDatabaseConfiguration().getCircuitBreakerConfiguration());
     FaultTolerantDatabase messageDatabase = new FaultTolerantDatabase("message_database", messageJdbi, config.getMessageStoreConfiguration().getCircuitBreakerConfiguration());
     FaultTolerantDatabase abuseDatabase   = new FaultTolerantDatabase("abuse_database", abuseJdbi, config.getAbuseDatabaseConfiguration().getCircuitBreakerConfiguration());
@@ -162,7 +172,7 @@ public class WhisperServerService extends Application<WhisperServerConfiguration
     Accounts         accounts         = new Accounts(accountDatabase);
     PendingAccounts  pendingAccounts  = new PendingAccounts(accountDatabase);
     PendingDevices   pendingDevices   = new PendingDevices(accountDatabase);
-    Keys             keys             = new Keys(accountDatabase);
+    Keys             keys             = new Keys(keysDatabase);
     Messages         messages         = new Messages(messageDatabase);
     AbusiveHostRules abusiveHostRules = new AbusiveHostRules(abuseDatabase);
 
@@ -213,7 +223,7 @@ public class WhisperServerService extends Application<WhisperServerConfiguration
     List<AccountDatabaseCrawlerListener> accountDatabaseCrawlerListeners = List.of(pushFeedbackProcessor, activeUserCounter, directoryReconciler, accountCleaner);
 
     AccountDatabaseCrawlerCache accountDatabaseCrawlerCache = new AccountDatabaseCrawlerCache(cacheClient);
-    AccountDatabaseCrawler      accountDatabaseCrawler      = new AccountDatabaseCrawler(accounts, accountDatabaseCrawlerCache, accountDatabaseCrawlerListeners, config.getAccountDatabaseCrawlerConfiguration().getChunkSize(), config.getAccountDatabaseCrawlerConfiguration().getChunkIntervalMs());
+    AccountDatabaseCrawler      accountDatabaseCrawler      = new AccountDatabaseCrawler(accountsManager, accountDatabaseCrawlerCache, accountDatabaseCrawlerListeners, config.getAccountDatabaseCrawlerConfiguration().getChunkSize(), config.getAccountDatabaseCrawlerConfiguration().getChunkIntervalMs());
 
     messagesCache.setPubSubManager(pubSubManager, pushSender);
 
diff --git a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/limits/RateLimiters.java b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/limits/RateLimiters.java
index 6bee0d934..295532801 100644
--- a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/limits/RateLimiters.java
+++ b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/limits/RateLimiters.java
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ public class RateLimiters {
                                             config.getAutoBlock().getBucketSize(),
                                             config.getAutoBlock().getLeakRatePerMinute());
 
-    this.verifyLimiter = new RateLimiter(cacheClient, "verify",
-                                         config.getVerifyNumber().getBucketSize(),
-                                         config.getVerifyNumber().getLeakRatePerMinute());
+    this.verifyLimiter = new LockingRateLimiter(cacheClient, "verify",
+                                                config.getVerifyNumber().getBucketSize(),
+                                                config.getVerifyNumber().getLeakRatePerMinute());
 
     this.pinLimiter = new LockingRateLimiter(cacheClient, "pin",
                                              config.getVerifyPin().getBucketSize(),
diff --git a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/AccountDatabaseCrawler.java b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/AccountDatabaseCrawler.java
index 3bfe3fed5..9a34e94dd 100644
--- a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/AccountDatabaseCrawler.java
+++ b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/AccountDatabaseCrawler.java
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public class AccountDatabaseCrawler implements Managed, Runnable {
   private static final long   WORKER_TTL_MS              = 120_000L;
   private static final long   ACCELERATED_CHUNK_INTERVAL = 10L;
 
-  private final Accounts                             accounts;
+  private final AccountsManager                      accounts;
   private final int                                  chunkSize;
   private final long                                 chunkIntervalMs;
   private final String                               workerId;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class AccountDatabaseCrawler implements Managed, Runnable {
   private AtomicBoolean running = new AtomicBoolean(false);
   private boolean finished;
 
-  public AccountDatabaseCrawler(Accounts accounts,
+  public AccountDatabaseCrawler(AccountsManager accounts,
                                 AccountDatabaseCrawlerCache cache,
                                 List<AccountDatabaseCrawlerListener> listeners,
                                 int chunkSize,
diff --git a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/Accounts.java b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/Accounts.java
index f138760c6..a0d0fe636 100644
--- a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/Accounts.java
+++ b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/Accounts.java
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ public class Accounts {
               .bind("data", mapper.writeValueAsString(account))
               .execute();
 
-
         return rows == 0;
       } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
@@ -98,7 +97,6 @@ public class Accounts {
     }));
   }
 
-
   public List<Account> getAllFrom(String from, int length) {
     return database.with(jdbi -> jdbi.withHandle(handle -> {
       try (Timer.Context ignored = getAllFromOffsetTimer.time()) {
diff --git a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/AccountsManager.java b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/AccountsManager.java
index 79a8eca75..0697e47cb 100644
--- a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/AccountsManager.java
+++ b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/AccountsManager.java
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import org.whispersystems.textsecuregcm.util.SystemMapper;
 import org.whispersystems.textsecuregcm.util.Util;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
 import static com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry.name;
@@ -92,6 +93,14 @@ public class AccountsManager {
     }
   }
 
+  public List<Account> getAllFrom(int length) {
+    return accounts.getAllFrom(length);
+  }
+
+  public List<Account> getAllFrom(String number, int length) {
+    return accounts.getAllFrom(number, length);
+  }
+
   private void updateDirectory(Account account) {
     if (account.isEnabled()) {
       byte[]        token         = Util.getContactToken(account.getNumber());
diff --git a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/PendingAccounts.java b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/PendingAccounts.java
index aa8638e40..7950350f7 100644
--- a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/PendingAccounts.java
+++ b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/PendingAccounts.java
@@ -19,10 +19,17 @@ package org.whispersystems.textsecuregcm.storage;
 import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
 import com.codahale.metrics.SharedMetricRegistries;
 import com.codahale.metrics.Timer;
+import org.jdbi.v3.core.mapper.RowMapper;
+import org.jdbi.v3.core.statement.PreparedBatch;
+import org.jdbi.v3.core.statement.StatementContext;
+import org.jdbi.v3.core.transaction.TransactionIsolationLevel;
 import org.whispersystems.textsecuregcm.auth.StoredVerificationCode;
 import org.whispersystems.textsecuregcm.storage.mappers.StoredVerificationCodeRowMapper;
 import org.whispersystems.textsecuregcm.util.Constants;
 
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
 import static com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry.name;
@@ -43,10 +50,13 @@ public class PendingAccounts {
   }
 
   public void insert(String number, String verificationCode, long timestamp) {
-    database.use(jdbi -> jdbi.useHandle(handle -> {
+    database.use(jdbi -> jdbi.useTransaction(TransactionIsolationLevel.SERIALIZABLE, handle -> {
       try (Timer.Context ignored = insertTimer.time()) {
-        handle.createUpdate("WITH upsert AS (UPDATE pending_accounts SET verification_code = :verification_code, timestamp = :timestamp WHERE number = :number RETURNING *) " +
-                                "INSERT INTO pending_accounts (number, verification_code, timestamp) SELECT :number, :verification_code, :timestamp WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM upsert)")
+        handle.createUpdate("DELETE FROM pending_accounts WHERE number = :number")
+              .bind("number", number)
+              .execute();
+
+        handle.createUpdate("INSERT INTO pending_accounts (number, verification_code, timestamp) VALUES (:number, :verification_code, :timestamp)")
               .bind("verification_code", verificationCode)
               .bind("timestamp", timestamp)
               .bind("number", number)
@@ -84,4 +94,6 @@ public class PendingAccounts {
     }));
   }
 
+
+
 }
diff --git a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/mappers/AccountRowMapper.java b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/mappers/AccountRowMapper.java
index 72b52add1..7b608b1ac 100644
--- a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/mappers/AccountRowMapper.java
+++ b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/storage/mappers/AccountRowMapper.java
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ public class AccountRowMapper implements RowMapper<Account> {
     try {
       Account account = mapper.readValue(resultSet.getString(Accounts.DATA), Account.class);
       account.setNumber(resultSet.getString(Accounts.NUMBER));
-
       return account;
     } catch (IOException e) {
       throw new SQLException(e);
diff --git a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/workers/DeleteUserCommand.java b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/workers/DeleteUserCommand.java
index dc1d2b92b..119c49987 100644
--- a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/workers/DeleteUserCommand.java
+++ b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/workers/DeleteUserCommand.java
@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ public class DeleteUserCommand extends EnvironmentCommand<WhisperServerConfigura
 
       JdbiFactory           jdbiFactory     = new JdbiFactory();
       Jdbi                  accountJdbi     = jdbiFactory.build(environment, configuration.getAccountsDatabaseConfiguration(), "accountdb");
-      FaultTolerantDatabase accountDatabase = new FaultTolerantDatabase("account_database_delete_user", accountJdbi, configuration.getAbuseDatabaseConfiguration().getCircuitBreakerConfiguration());
+      FaultTolerantDatabase accountDatabase = new FaultTolerantDatabase("account_database_delete_user", accountJdbi, configuration.getAccountsDatabaseConfiguration().getCircuitBreakerConfiguration());
 
       Accounts            accounts        = new Accounts(accountDatabase);
       ReplicatedJedisPool cacheClient     = new RedisClientFactory("main_cache_delete_command", configuration.getCacheConfiguration().getUrl(), configuration.getCacheConfiguration().getReplicaUrls(), configuration.getCacheConfiguration().getCircuitBreakerConfiguration()).getRedisClientPool();
       ReplicatedJedisPool redisClient     = new RedisClientFactory("directory_cache_delete_command", configuration.getDirectoryConfiguration().getRedisConfiguration().getUrl(), configuration.getDirectoryConfiguration().getRedisConfiguration().getReplicaUrls(), configuration.getDirectoryConfiguration().getRedisConfiguration().getCircuitBreakerConfiguration()).getRedisClientPool();
-      DirectoryQueue      directoryQueue  = new DirectoryQueue(configuration.getDirectoryConfiguration().getSqsConfiguration());
-      DirectoryManager    directory       = new DirectoryManager(redisClient);
+      DirectoryQueue      directoryQueue  = new DirectoryQueue  (configuration.getDirectoryConfiguration().getSqsConfiguration());
+      DirectoryManager    directory       = new DirectoryManager(redisClient                                                    );
       AccountsManager     accountsManager = new AccountsManager(accounts, directory, cacheClient);
 
       for (String user: users) {
diff --git a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/workers/VacuumCommand.java b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/workers/VacuumCommand.java
index e278781ef..43dd55d5f 100644
--- a/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/workers/VacuumCommand.java
+++ b/service/src/main/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/workers/VacuumCommand.java
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ public class VacuumCommand extends ConfiguredCommand<WhisperServerConfiguration>
                      WhisperServerConfiguration config)
       throws Exception
   {
-    DatabaseConfiguration accountDbConfig = config.getAccountsDatabaseConfiguration();
+    DatabaseConfiguration accountDbConfig = config.getAbuseDatabaseConfiguration();
     DatabaseConfiguration messageDbConfig = config.getMessageStoreConfiguration();
 
     Jdbi accountJdbi = Jdbi.create(accountDbConfig.getUrl(), accountDbConfig.getUser(), accountDbConfig.getPassword());
diff --git a/service/src/main/resources/keysdb.xml b/service/src/main/resources/keysdb.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2a9c315c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/main/resources/keysdb.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+
+<databaseChangeLog
+        xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog"
+        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog
+         http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-2.0.xsd"
+        logicalFilePath="migrations.xml">
+
+    <changeSet id="1" author="moxie">
+        <createTable tableName="accounts">
+            <column name="id" type="bigint" autoIncrement="true">
+                <constraints primaryKey="true" nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="number" type="varchar(255)">
+                <constraints unique="true" nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="auth_token" type="varchar(255)">
+                <constraints nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="salt" type="varchar(255)">
+                <constraints nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="signaling_key" type="varchar(255)"/>
+
+            <column name="gcm_id" type="text"/>
+
+            <column name="apn_id" type="text"/>
+
+            <column name="supports_sms" type="smallint" defaultValue="0"/>
+        </createTable>
+
+        <createTable tableName="pending_accounts">
+            <column name="id" type="bigint" autoIncrement="true">
+                <constraints primaryKey="true" nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="number" type="varchar(255)">
+                <constraints unique="true" nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="verification_code" type="varchar(255)">
+                <constraints nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+        </createTable>
+
+        <createTable tableName="keys">
+            <column name="id" type="bigint" autoIncrement="true">
+                <constraints primaryKey="true" nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="number" type="varchar(255)">
+                <constraints nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="key_id" type="bigint">
+                <constraints nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="public_key" type="text">
+                <constraints nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="identity_key" type="text">
+                <constraints nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="last_resort" type="smallint" defaultValue="0"/>
+        </createTable>
+
+        <createIndex tableName="keys" indexName="keys_number_index">
+            <column name="number"/>
+        </createIndex>
+    </changeSet>
+
+    <changeSet id="2" author="matt">
+
+        <addColumn tableName="accounts">
+            <column name="data" type="json" />
+        </addColumn>
+
+        <sql>CREATE type device_t AS (id integer, "authToken" varchar(255), salt varchar(255), "signalingKey" varchar(255), "gcmId" text, "apnId" text);</sql>
+        <sql>CREATE type account_t AS (number varchar(255), "supportsSms" smallint, devices device_t array);</sql>
+        <sql>UPDATE accounts SET data = row_to_json(row(number, supports_sms, array[row(1, auth_token, salt, signaling_key, gcm_id, apn_id)::device_t])::account_t)</sql>
+
+        <addNotNullConstraint tableName="accounts" columnName="data"/>
+
+        <dropColumn tableName="accounts" columnName="auth_token"/>
+        <dropColumn tableName="accounts" columnName="salt"/>
+        <dropColumn tableName="accounts" columnName="signaling_key"/>
+        <dropColumn tableName="accounts" columnName="gcm_id"/>
+        <dropColumn tableName="accounts" columnName="apn_id"/>
+        <dropColumn tableName="accounts" columnName="supports_sms"/>
+
+        <sql>DROP type account_t;</sql>
+        <sql>DROP type device_t;</sql>
+
+        <addColumn tableName="keys">
+            <column name="device_id" type="bigint" defaultValue="1">
+                <constraints nullable="false" />
+            </column>
+        </addColumn>
+
+        <createTable tableName="pending_devices">
+            <column name="id" type="bigint" autoIncrement="true">
+                <constraints primaryKey="true" nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="number" type="text">
+                <constraints unique="true" nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="verification_code" type="text">
+                <constraints nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+        </createTable>
+
+        <createTable tableName="messages">
+            <column name="id" type="bigint" autoIncrement="true">
+                <constraints primaryKey="true" nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="account_id" type="bigint">
+                <constraints nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="device_id" type="bigint">
+                <constraints nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+
+            <column name="encrypted_message" type="text">
+                <constraints nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+        </createTable>
+
+        <createIndex tableName="messages" indexName="messages_account_and_device">
+            <column name="account_id"/>
+            <column name="device_id"/>
+        </createIndex>
+
+    </changeSet>
+
+    <changeSet id="3" author="moxie">
+        <sql>CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION "custom_json_object_set_key"(
+            "json"          json,
+            "key_to_set"    TEXT,
+            "value_to_set"  anyelement
+            )
+            RETURNS json
+            LANGUAGE sql
+            IMMUTABLE
+            STRICT
+            AS $function$
+            SELECT COALESCE(
+            (SELECT ('{' || string_agg(to_json("key") || ':' || "value", ',') || '}')
+            FROM (SELECT *
+            FROM json_each("json")
+            WHERE "key" &lt;&gt; "key_to_set"
+            UNION ALL
+            SELECT "key_to_set", to_json("value_to_set")) AS "fields"),
+            '{}'
+            )::json
+            $function$;</sql>
+        <sql>UPDATE accounts SET data = custom_json_object_set_key(data, 'identityKey', k.identity_key) FROM keys k WHERE (data->>'identityKey')::text is null AND k.number = data->>'number' AND k.last_resort = 1;</sql>
+        <sql>UPDATE accounts SET data = custom_json_object_set_key(data, 'identityKey', k.identity_key) FROM keys k WHERE (data->>'identityKey')::text is null AND k.number = data->>'number';</sql>
+    </changeSet>
+
+    <changeSet id="4" author="moxie">
+        <dropColumn tableName="keys" columnName="identity_key"/>
+    </changeSet>
+
+    <changeSet id="5" author="moxie">
+        <addColumn tableName="pending_accounts">
+            <column name="timestamp" type="bigint" defaultValueComputed="extract(epoch from now()) * 1000">
+                <constraints nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+        </addColumn>
+
+        <addColumn tableName="pending_devices">
+            <column name="timestamp" type="bigint" defaultValueComputed="extract(epoch from now()) * 1000">
+                <constraints nullable="false"/>
+            </column>
+        </addColumn>
+    </changeSet>
+</databaseChangeLog>
diff --git a/service/src/test/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/tests/storage/AccountDatabaseCrawlerTest.java b/service/src/test/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/tests/storage/AccountDatabaseCrawlerTest.java
index 8a4e8732f..41cb6d576 100644
--- a/service/src/test/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/tests/storage/AccountDatabaseCrawlerTest.java
+++ b/service/src/test/java/org/whispersystems/textsecuregcm/tests/storage/AccountDatabaseCrawlerTest.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import org.whispersystems.textsecuregcm.storage.AccountDatabaseCrawlerRestartExc
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
+import org.whispersystems.textsecuregcm.storage.AccountsManager;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ public class AccountDatabaseCrawlerTest {
   private final Account account1 = mock(Account.class);
   private final Account account2 = mock(Account.class);
 
-  private final Accounts                       accounts = mock(Accounts.class);
+  private final AccountsManager                accounts = mock(AccountsManager.class);
   private final AccountDatabaseCrawlerListener listener = mock(AccountDatabaseCrawlerListener.class);
   private final AccountDatabaseCrawlerCache    cache    = mock(AccountDatabaseCrawlerCache.class);