1) In your PC/Laptop/Server BIOS make sure the following is enabled in the BIOS:

Intel VT-d & VT-x – Intel Compatible list
All AMD CPUs from Bulldozer onwards should be compatible.

2) Get device IDs:
`lspci -nn`

3) Enable IOMMU in GRUB (check Intel or AMD commands below - choose the right one)
nano /etc/default/grub

`GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_iommu=on iommu=pt"`

`GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet amd_iommu=on"`

Verify that IOMMU is enabled by running `dmesg | grep -e DMAR -e IOMMU` and looking for a line indicating it is enabled

Save and exit

4) run the command `"update-grub"` now reboot

5) Enable VFIO Modules
`nano /etc/modules`
Add the following modules:
```
vfio
vfio_iommu_type1
vfio_pci
vfio_virqfd
```
Then, save and exit

6) `update-initramfs -u -k all` and reboot

7) GPU Isolation From the Host (amend the below to include the IDs of the device you want to isolate)

`echo "options vfio-pci ids=10de:1381,10de:0fbc disable_vga=1" > /etc/modprobe.d/vfio.conf`

8) Blacklist GPU drivers (here are all that you would ever need)
```
echo "blacklist radeon" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf 
echo "blacklist nouveau" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf 
echo "blacklist nvidia" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf 
echo "blacklist nvidiafb" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
echo "blacklist nvidia_drm" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
```

9) Create a new VM and add the GPU via hardware menu
You may need to set it as primary GPU
You may need to add a ROM BAR